The membranes of auditory and vestibular afferent neurons contain strikingly diverse groups of ion channels. We hypothesize that this diversity is important for how neurons convey sensory information. Differences in ion channel properties could also leave some neurons more susceptible to damage which can lead to debilitating hearing and balance problems. By defining the types of ion channels found in functionally distinct sub-groups of neurons, our work may suggest ways to protect the vulnerable populations.